Medical education in Nigeria is yearning for innovations and evidence-based changes. Physiology remains core part of basic sciences and currently there are no clear exit expectations for Nigerian Medical schools. Further to the success of a national set of Physiology learning objectives in America driven by American Physiological Society (APS), this paper reviews the need for similar intervention in Nigeria driven by the Physiological Society of Nigeria (PSN). The paper sets out steps that involves elaborate stakeholders engagement that can be utilized to design a national set of learning objectives towards improving learning outcomes and can also serve as benchmark for curricula reviews.

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Background: The leaves of J. tanjorensis are locally consumed as vegetable added to daily foods and has also served a medicinal purpose, however, it toxicological effects is yet to be fully evaluated in our environment. Aim: The present research was to assess the effects of the extract of the leaf of Jatropha tanjorensis on the liver of rats. Materials and Methods: Adult male and female rats (mean weight 180g) were randomly assigned to four groups of 6 rats each namely group I (control group) and three treatment groups II, III, and IV. Rats in treatment group II were given 600mg/kg/day of the extract orally by gavage route by the use of a syringe. Rats in treatment group III were given 700mg/kg/day by gavage while group IV rats were given 800mg/kg/day of the extract by gavage. Rats in the control group were given 600ml H₂O/ per kg body weight per day. The rats were given the treatment once per day, seven days a week for two weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment each rat was anaesthetized with chloroform. The abdominal region was opened and the liver was excised and fixed for histological studies Results: The histological examination revealed that the liver of rats from the treated groups (II. III and IV) had necrotic regions. Also evident are congestion and portal triaditis of the hepatocytes. The severity of the ultra structural changes in the morphology of the liver was dose dependent as seen on histological examination. The pathological distortion in liver architecture was more at higher doses. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the consumption of the extract of Jatropha tanjorensis is toxic to the liver.

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Background: Globally, refractive error is a common cause of visual impairment in the paediatric age group. However, no previous vision screening study among primary schools children has been reported in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. This study aimed to screen primary school children in two rural primary schools in Nchokko Community of Igbeagu Izzi, Ebonyi State for refractive errors. Subjects And Methods: This was point prevalence, cross- sectional study of all primary school children in the two primary schools at Nchokko community of Igbeagu village of Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State. The study population consists of all pupils present during the school eye health visit to this community on the 6^th of March 2012. Results: There was a total of 213 pupils comprising of 107 males and 106 females (Ratio, 1:1) ages ranged from 5-15 years with a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.7 years. Refractive error was found in 2 patients (0.9%). Conclusion: The Prevalence of Refractive Error in the two rural primary schools at Nchokko community of Igbeagu village of Izzi Local Government Area of EbonyiState.was 0.9%.

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Objective: To understand Patients' perception of the seriousness of TB and who may be at risk of contracting the disease in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and involved the use of the questionnaire in information collection from the respondents on their perception of the seriousness of TB and who may be at risk of contracting the disease in Enugu metropolis. The systematic sampling method was used in patient selection for the study at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) DOTS centre (old site). Results: A total of one hundred and twenty five respondents were interviewed. Those below (<30) thirty years of age constituted the majority of the respondents 54(43.2%). The result also shows that a high percentage, 114(91.2%) of the respondents perceive TB scourge as being severe in Enugu metropolis and a greater number of the respondents 113(90.4) equally understands who may be at risk of contracting the disease. Even though not significant, the result shows that the higher the educational level of the respondents, the more serious they take the TB scourge(x² =7.069, p=0.070). Again, the respondents with paid employment 57(98.3%) perceived TB scourge to be very serious (Fishers exact =0.010f). Though, still not significant, the educational level of the respondents was a factor that influenced the perception (X ² 6.973, P=0.073) of who may be at risk of contracting TB, while employment status and marital status did not. Conclusion: Improving on the perception of the seriousness of any disease and the knowledge of who may be at risk remains a viable option in any disease sensitization and control programme. Information dissemination on TB control and management must accommodate the differences in patient socio-demographic variables.

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